英語考研閱讀理解長難句的分析
This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.
詞匯解析：discrimination 歧視；alphabet 字母表
主干識別：this refers to discrimination against those +定語從句。
其他成分：for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage 為插入語，改寫為for those who are unaware of such a disadvantage as yet 理解起來會方便很多；as yet 至今; whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet 為定語從句。
微觀解析：若是句子中的插入語理解起來有困難，不妨試著改變它的句式結構，將長定語還原為定語從句，而這種方法的逆向思維可以與寫作相結合，使文章的句式更加靈活多變。
翻譯：對于那些還不了解這種危害的人來說，它指的是對姓氏首字母位于字母表后半部分的人的歧視
From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism.
單詞解析：democratic民主的；populist平民主義的
主干識別：our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything+定語從句。
其他成分：says Hofstadter 為插入語； our democratic and populist urges have driven us to…可提煉出sth. has driven sb. to do…這個句型；that smells of elitism 為定語從句修飾anything (注意smell的介詞搭配)。
微觀解析：若是覺得插入語干擾了正常的`理解，可將這個句子變為Hofstadter says, “From the beginning of our history, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism.”這樣的自由直接引語構成的賓語從句會降低句子的難度。
翻譯：Hofstadter說，從我們歷史之初起，我們對于民主化和大眾化的苛求就迫使我們拒絕一切帶有精英主義色彩的東西。
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